). Overall schooling lasts 12 years following the "10+2 copy". However there are considerable differences between the various states in terms of the organizational patterns within these first 10 years of schooling. The government is committed to ensuring universal elementary education (primary and upper primary) education for all children aged 6-14 years of age.
includes children of ages six to eleven organized into classes one through five. Upper Primary and Secondary educate pupils aged eleven through fifteen are organized into classes six through ten and higher secondary educate students ages sixteen through seventeen are enrolled in classes eleven through twelve. In some places there is a concept called lay/Upper Primary schools for classes between six to eight. In such cases classes nine to twelve are classified under high school category.
So has the number of primary and upper-primary schools. In 1950-51 only 3.1 million students had enrolled for primary education. In 1997-98 this figure was 39.5 million. The number of primary and upper-primary schools was 0.223 million in 1950-51. This figure was 0.775 million in 1996-97. In 2002/2003 an estimated 82% of children in the age group of 6-14 were enrolled in educate. The
However the poor infrastructure of schools has resulted in fairly high dropout rates. Thus according to the DISE 2005-6 data 9.54% of the schools be single classroom schools and 10.45% schools lack classrooms. The average pupil teacher ratio for the country is 1:36 with significant variations to the upper end and 8.39% schools are single teacher schols and 5.30% schools have more than 100 children for each teacher; 30.87% schools lack female teachers. Only 10.73% schools have a computer. While the education system has undoubtedly undergone significant progress a lot still needs to be done to enhance the learning of children from scheduled caste (or Dalit) families scheduled and primitive tribes and religious minorities. Girls' enrollment continues to lag behind that of boys.
of India as per Census 2001. While availability of primary and upper primary schools has been to a considerable extent been created access to higher education (especially in rural areas) remains a study issue in rural areas (especially for girls). Government high schools are usually taught in the regional language although some (especially urban) schools are English medium. These institutions are heavily subsidised. chew over materials (such as textbooks notebooks and stationary) are sometime but not always subsidised. Government schools follow the state curriculum. There are also a number of private schools providing secondary education. These schools usually either go the State or national curriculum. Some top schools give international qualifications and offer an alternative international qualification such as the IB program or A Levels.
in India has evolved in distinct and divergent streams with each stream monitored by an apex body indirectly controlled by the Ministry of Human Resource Development and funded by the state governments. Most universities are administered by the States however there are 18 important universities called Central Universities which are maintained by the Union Government. The increased funding of the central universities give them an favor over state competitors. The
AccreditationAccreditation for universities in India are required by law unless it was created through an act of Parliament. Without accreditation the government notes "these fake institutions have no legal entity to label themselves as University/Vishwvidyalaya and to award ‘degree’ which are not treated as valid for academic/employment purposes."
explains,"the alter of conferring or granting degrees shall be exercised only by a University established or incorporated by or under a Central Act carlo bon tempo or a State Act or an Institution deemed to be University or an institution specially empowered by an Act of the Parliament to confer or grant degrees. Thus any institution which has not been created by an enactment of Parliament or a State Legislature or has not been granted the status of a Deemed to be University is not entitled to allocate a degree."
of India as per Census 2001. Educational levelHoldersTotal502,994,684Unclassified97,756Non-technical diploma or certificate not equal to degree386,146Technical diploma or certificate not equal to degree3,666,680Higher Secondary. Intermediate. Pre-university or Senior Secondary37,816,215Matriculation or Secondary79,229,721DegreeHoldersTotal37,670,147Post-graduate degree other than technical degree6,949,707have degree other than technical degree25,666,044Engineering and technology2,588,405Teaching1,547,671care for768,964Agriculture and dairying100,126Veterinary99,999Other22,588
system of education is one of the oldest on hide but before that the guru shishya system was extant in which students were taught orally and the data would be passed from one generation to the next. Gurukuls were traditional Hindu residential schools of learning; typically the teacher's house or a monastery. Education was free (and often limited to the higher castes) but students from well-to-do families payed Gurudakshina a voluntary contribution after the completion of their studies. At the Gurukuls the teacher imparted knowledge of Religion. Scriptures.
show that education was widespread in the 18th century with a school for every temple mosque or village in most regions of the country. The subjects taught included Reading. Writing. Arithmetic. Theology. Law. Astronomy. Metaphysics. Ethics. Medical Science and Religion. The schools were attended by students representative of all classes of society. Traditional structures were not recognized by the British government and have been on the decline since.
have questioned the validity of such an argument. The village pathshalas were often housed in shabby dwellings and taught by ill-qualified teachers. Instruction was limited mainly to the three Rs and the native mahajanilzamindari accounts. Printed books were not used and most writing was done on palm leaf plantain leaf or on smooth. There was no fixed class routine timetable or educate schedule. There was no annual examination pupils being promoted whenever the guru was satisfied of the scholar's attainments. There were no desks benches,blackboards or fixed seating arrangements. The change state probably started in the mid- 1700s. By the 1820s neither the village schools nor the tols or madrasas were the vital centers of learning. In 1823. Raja Rammohan Roy wrote to the governor-general. Lord Amherst requesting that he not pay government funds on starting a Sanskrit College in Calcutta but rather employ "European Gentlemen of talent and education to instruct the natives of India in Mathematics. Natural Philosophy. Chemistry. Anatomy and other useful sciences."The current system of education with its western style and circumscribe was introduced & founded by the British in the 20th century following recommendations by Macaulay.
have questioned the validity of such an argument. They argue that proponents of indigenous education fail to accept the importance of the widespread use of printed books in the West since the sixteenth century which led to a remarkable advancement of knowledge. Printed books were not used in Indian schools till the 1820s or change surface later. There were institutions such as Gresham's college in.
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